- Restriction Endonucleases: These endonucleases cut DNA at specific palindromic sites. They may be either blunt end or stagger cutters.
- Electrophoresis: This technique separates macromolecules by size in an agarose or polyacrylamide gel.
- Gene Cloning:
- In vivo (E. coli)
- In
vitro (PCR)
- Hybridization Techniques:
- Northern Blotting, Southern Blotting, Western Blotting: These techniques combine electrophoresis and hybridization of specific probes to identify DNA present in a sample.
- Microarrays
- DNA sequencing:
- Sanger sequencing
- Next-generation
sequencing
